![]() ![]() virescens PGs, 48 h after parasitization, and evaluated expression levels of PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway genes in these tissues. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified viral genes selectively expressed in last instar H. Western blot analysis and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) showed that parasitism inhibits ecdysteroidogenesis and the phosphorylation of the two targets of TOR (4E-BP and S6K), despite the stimulation of PTTH contained in the brain extract. Here, we demonstrate that this cellular signaling is one of the targets of TnBV infection. Previous work showed the involvement of the PI3K/Akt/TOR pathway in H. virescens prothoracic glands (PGs), resulting in decreased protein synthesis and phosphorylation. TnBV induces the functional inactivation of H. The arrest of ecdysteroidogenesis is the main alteration which occurs in last (fifth) instar larvae and, as a consequence, prevents pupation. Previous studies showed that TnBV is responsible for alterations in host physiology. Toxoneuron nigriceps bracovirus ( TnBV) is associated with Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) wasp, an endoparasitoid of the tobacco budworm larval stages, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The Polydnavirus is injected by the parasitoid female during oviposition to selectively infect host tissues by the expression of viral genes without undergoing replication. Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are obligate symbionts of endoparasitoid wasps, which exclusively attack the larval stages of their lepidopteran hosts. 3Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.2Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States. ![]() 1Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Italy.Bufo 1, Asha Rao 2, Heiko Vogel 3 and Patrizia Falabella 2* ![]() Rosanna Salvia 1†, Marisa Nardiello 1†, Carmen Scieuzo 1†, Andrea Scala 1†, Sabino A. ![]()
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